Latest Agri-MCQs on Current Agriculture Affairs in Pakistan (700 Important MCQs)

Section 17: Food Science & Technology

596. “Pasteurization” kills bacteria by heating milk to:
A. 100°C
B. 72°C for 15 seconds (HTST)
C. 50°C
D. 0°C
Correct Answer: B
Reference: Food Safety.

597. “Canning” involves:
A. Sealing food in airtight containers and heating to kill microbes
B. Freezing
C. Drying
D. Salting
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Food Preservation.

598. “Blanching” of vegetables before freezing is done to:
A. Inactivate enzymes
B. Cook them fully
C. Add taste
D. Change color
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Food Technology.

599. Vitamin C is also known as:
A. Ascorbic Acid
B. Citric Acid
C. Acetic Acid
D. Amino Acid
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nutrition.

600. Deficiency of Vitamin A causes:
A. Night Blindness
B. Scurvy
C. Rickets
D. Beri-Beri
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nutrition.

601. “Gluten” is a protein found in:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Maize
D. Potato
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Cereal Chemistry.

602. “Celiac Disease” patients cannot digest:
A. Gluten
B. Sugar
C. Milk
D. Meat
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Health Science.

603. “TSS” in fruit juice stands for:
A. Total Soluble Solids (Sugar content)
B. Total Solid Sugar
C. Total Salt Solution
D. Tea Spoon Sugar
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Food Analysis.

604. “Pectin” is used for setting:
A. Jams and Jellies
B. Milk
C. Bread
D. Meat
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Food Technology.

605. “Dehydration” preserves food by:
A. Removing moisture (Water activity)
B. Adding water
C. Heating
D. Freezing
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Food Preservation.

Section 18: Soil Chemistry & Fertility (Advanced)

606. “Cation Exchange Capacity” (CEC) is a measure of soil’s ability to:
A. Hold positively charged nutrients (Cations)
B. Hold water
C. Drain water
D. Kill bacteria
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Soil Chemistry.

607. Clay soils generally have ______ CEC than sandy soils.
A. Higher
B. Lower
C. Equal
D. Zero
Correct Answer: A (Clay holds more nutrients)
Reference: Soil Chemistry.

608. “Nitrification” is the conversion of:
A. Ammonia to Nitrate (by bacteria)
B. Nitrate to Nitrogen gas
C. Nitrogen to Ammonia
D. Air to Soil
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nitrogen Cycle.

609. “Denitrification” is the loss of Nitrogen into the atmosphere in:
A. Waterlogged/Anaerobic conditions
B. Dry soil
C. Sandy soil
D. Forest
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nitrogen Cycle.

610. “Volatilization” is the loss of Nitrogen as:
A. Ammonia gas (from Urea)
B. Nitrate
C. Liquid
D. Solid
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nitrogen Cycle.

611. “Mycorrhiza” helps plants primarily in the uptake of:
A. Phosphorus
B. Nitrogen
C. Potassium
D. Carbon
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Soil Microbiology.

612. The “O Horizon” of soil is:
A. The organic layer on surface (Leaf litter)
B. The subsoil
C. The bedrock
D. The mineral layer
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Soil Profile.

613. The “B Horizon” is also known as:
A. Subsoil (Zone of accumulation)
B. Topsoil
C. Parent material
D. Organic layer
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Soil Profile.

614. “Humus” is:
A. Fully decomposed, stable organic matter
B. Fresh leaves
C. Fertilizer
D. Sand
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Soil Organic Matter.

615. Which soil texture is considered best for most crops?
A. Loam (mixture of sand, silt, clay)
B. Pure Sand
C. Heavy Clay
D. Rock
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Soil Physics.

Section 19: Advanced Agronomy & Techniques

616. “Allelopathy” is:
A. One plant inhibiting the growth of another via chemical release (e.g., Sorghum/Eucalyptus)
B. Disease spread
C. Symbiosis
D. Grafting
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Weed Science.

617. “Relay Cropping” means:
A. Sowing the next crop before the previous one is harvested (Overlapping)
B. Crop rotation
C. Monoculture
D. Mixed cropping
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Cropping Systems.

618. “Ratooning” is common in:
A. Sugarcane and Banana
B. Wheat
C. Cotton
D. Maize
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Agronomy.

619. “Bio-fertilizers” contain:
A. Living microbes (Bacteria/Fungi)
B. Chemicals
C. Urea
D. Heavy metals
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Organic Farming.

620. “Azospirillum” and “Azotobacter” are:
A. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Free living)
B. Pathogens
C. Viruses
D. Weeds
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Bio-fertilizers.

621. “Seed Priming” involves:
A. Soaking seeds in water/solution before sowing to improve germination
B. Painting seeds
C. Heating seeds
D. Crushing seeds
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Seed Technology.

622. “Scarification” is done to:
A. Break hard seed coat (dormancy)
B. Kill seed
C. Color seed
D. Store seed
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Seed Technology.

623. “Stratification” is:
A. Cold treatment to break seed dormancy
B. Heat treatment
C. Adding water
D. Adding fertilizer
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Seed Technology.

624. “Herbigation” is:
A. Applying herbicide through irrigation water
B. Spraying
C. Hand weeding
D. Burning
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Weed Control Methods.

625. “Fertigation” is:
A. Applying fertilizer through irrigation water (Drip/Pivot)
B. Broadcasting
C. Foliar spray
D. Ploughing
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nutrient Management.

Section 20: Global & Local Agriculture Stats (General)

626. Which country is the largest producer of Milk?
A. India
B. USA
C. Pakistan
D. China
Correct Answer: A
Reference: FAO Stats.

627. Which country is the largest producer of Wheat?
A. China
B. India
C. Russia
D. USA
Correct Answer: A
Reference: FAO Stats.

628. The “Indus Water Treaty” was brokered by:
A. World Bank
B. IMF
C. UN
D. USA
Correct Answer: A
Reference: History.

629. The “Tarbela Dam” was completed in:
A. 1976
B. 1960
C. 1947
D. 2000
Correct Answer: A
Reference: WAPDA History.

630. “Mangla Dam” was completed in:
A. 1967
B. 1980
C. 1990
D. 1950
Correct Answer: A
Reference: WAPDA History.

631. The “Green Revolution” in Pakistan started in:
A. Mid-1960s
B. 1947
C. 1980s
D. 2000
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Agriculture History.

632. “Mexi-Pak” was a famous variety of:
A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Cotton
D. Maize
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Green Revolution.

633. The largest canal system in the world is in:
A. Pakistan
B. India
C. China
D. Egypt
Correct Answer: A (Indus Basin Irrigation System)
Reference: Irrigation Stats.

634. “Kharif” season corresponds to:
A. Summer (Monsoon)
B. Winter
C. Spring
D. Autumn
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Crop Seasons.

635. “Rabi” season corresponds to:
A. Winter
B. Summer
C. Rain
D. Hot
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Crop Seasons.

636. “Zaid” seasons are:
A. Short transition seasons (Zaid Kharif / Zaid Rabi)
B. Main seasons
C. Rainy seasons
D. Dry seasons
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Cropping Seasons.

637. The “Headworks” on a river are used to:
A. Divert water into canals
B. Stop water
C. Generate power
D. Fish
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation Engineering.

638. “Barrage” vs “Dam”: A Barrage is primarily for:
A. Diversion of water
B. Storage of water
C. Electricity
D. Tourism
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation Engineering.

639. “Sukkur Barrage” is built on river:
A. Indus
B. Chenab
C. Jhelum
D. Ravi
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Sindh Irrigation.

640. “Taunsa Barrage” is on river:
A. Indus
B. Jhelum
C. Chenab
D. Sutlej
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Punjab Irrigation.

641. “Chashma Barrage” is on river:
A. Indus
B. Jhelum
C. Chenab
D. Ravi
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation.

642. “Rasul Barrage” is on river:
A. Jhelum
B. Chenab
C. Indus
D. Ravi
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation.

643. “Marala Headworks” is on river:
A. Chenab
B. Jhelum
C. Ravi
D. Indus
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation.

644. “Balloki Headworks” is on river:
A. Ravi
B. Sutlej
C. Chenab
D. Jhelum
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation.

645. “Sulemanki Headworks” is on river:
A. Sutlej
B. Ravi
C. Chenab
D. Indus
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Irrigation.

Section 21: Floriculture & Landscaping

646. The National Flower of Pakistan is:
A. Jasmine (Chambeli)
B. Rose
C. Tulip
D. Sunflower
Correct Answer: A
Reference: National Symbols.

647. “Rose” is commercially propagated by:
A. Cuttings / Budding (T-Budding)
B. Seeds
C. Leaves
D. Roots
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Floriculture.

648. “Gladiolus” is propagated by:
A. Corms
B. Seeds
C. Cuttings
D. Tubers
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Floriculture.

649. “Annuals” are plants that:
A. Complete lifecycle in one season
B. Live for 2 years
C. Live for many years
D. Never die
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

650. “Perennials” are plants that:
A. Live for more than 2 years (e.g., Trees, Shrubs)
B. Die in one season
C. Live 6 months
D. Are small
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

651. “Biennials” complete their lifecycle in:
A. 2 seasons/years (Vegetative then Reproductive)
B. 1 year
C. 10 years
D. 1 month
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

652. “Bonsai” is the art of:
A. Growing miniature trees in containers
B. Cutting trees
C. Growing big trees
D. Paper flowers
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Horticulture Art.

653. “Lawn” grasses in Pakistan are mostly:
A. Bermuda Grass (Dhaka Grass)
B. Wheat
C. Rice
D. Maize
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Landscaping.

654. “Ikebana” is the Japanese art of:
A. Flower Arrangement
B. Fishing
C. Farming
D. Cooking
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Floriculture.

655. “Deciduous” plants:
A. Shed leaves in autumn/winter
B. Keep leaves all year (Evergreen)
C. Have no leaves
D. Die every year
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

656. “Evergreen” plants:
A. Retain leaves throughout the year
B. Shed leaves
C. Are always green
D. Are grass
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

657. Which city organizes the “Chrysanthemum Show” (Gul-e-Daudi) annually?
A. Lahore (Jilani Park)
B. Karachi
C. Multan
D. Quetta
Correct Answer: A
Reference: PHA Lahore.

658. “PHA” stands for:
A. Parks and Horticulture Authority
B. Pakistan Housing Authority
C. Public Health Agency
D. Plant Health Agency
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Government Bodies.

659. “Topiary” is the art of:
A. Clipping/shearing plants into shapes (animals, geometric)
B. Painting plants
C. Watering plants
D. Planting seeds
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Landscaping.

660. “Xeriscaping” is landscaping for:
A. Water conservation (Dry areas)
B. Heavy rain areas
C. Snow
D. Indoor
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Landscaping.

Section 22: Miscellaneous Crop Facts

661. “Boll” is the fruit of:
A. Cotton
B. Flax
C. Wheat
D. Rice
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Cotton Botany.

662. “Siliqua” is the fruit type of:
A. Mustard / Brassica
B. Cotton
C. Wheat
D. Apple
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

663. “Caryopsis” is the fruit type of:
A. Cereals (Wheat, Rice, Maize)
B. Mango
C. Pea
D. Tomato
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

664. “Pod” or “Legume” is the fruit of:
A. Gram, Peas, Soybean
B. Wheat
C. Rice
D. Maize
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Botany.

665. “Oil Palm” is a major crop of:
A. Malaysia and Indonesia
B. Pakistan
C. Europe
D. USA
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Global Agriculture.

666. “Soybean” is known as the:
A. Meat of the field (High Protein)
B. King of fruits
C. King of fibers
D. Poor man’s food
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Crop Nutrition.

667. “Groundnut” (Peanut) flowers are produced:
A. Above ground, but pods develop underground
B. Underground
C. On top of tree
D. Inside fruit
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Crop Physiology.

668. “Tea” requires ______ soil.
A. Acidic
B. Alkaline
C. Saline
D. Waterlogged
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Tea Cultivation.

669. The National Tea & High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) is in:
A. Shinkiari (Mansehra)
B. Karachi
C. Lahore
D. Quetta
Correct Answer: A
Reference: PARC.

670. “Jojoba” is a shrub grown for:
A. Oil (Liquid Wax)
B. Fruit
C. Wood
D. Fodder
Correct Answer: A
Reference: New Crops.

671. “Stevia” is a plant known as:
A. Natural Sweetener (Sugar substitute)
B. Poison
C. Weed
D. Fertilizer
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Medicinal Plants.

672. “Aloe Vera” is used in:
A. Cosmetics and Medicine
B. Textile
C. Construction
D. Fuel
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Medicinal Plants.

673. “Ispaghol” (Psyllium husk) is a major crop of:
A. Cholistan / Thar
B. Murree
C. Swat
D. Kashmir
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Medicinal Crops.

674. “Mushroom” is a:
A. Fungi (Edible)
B. Plant
C. Animal
D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Mycology.

675. “Spawn” is the ______ of mushrooms.
A. Seed (Mycelium culture)
B. Fruit
C. Root
D. Leaf
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Mushroom Cultivation.

676. “Oyster” and “Button” are types of:
A. Mushrooms
B. Apples
C. Fish
D. Cotton
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Mushroom Cultivation.

677. “Silo” is a structure used for:
A. Storing Silage or Grain
B. Keep Tractors
C. Sleep
D. Swim
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Farm Structures.

678. “Greenhouse” effect in agriculture is used to:
A. Grow crops in controlled temperature (trap heat)
B. Paint house green
C. Cool the crops
D. Freeze crops
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Protected Cultivation.

679. “Tunnel Farming” allows the production of:
A. Off-season vegetables
B. Wheat
C. Rice
D. Trees
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Protected Cultivation.

680. “Hybrid Corn” has increased Maize yields in Pakistan by:
A. 2-3 times
B. 10%
C. 0%
D. Decreased
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Crop Statistics.

681. “Spring Maize” gives higher yield than “Autumn Maize” because of:
A. Longer growing season and more sunlight
B. More rain
C. Cold weather
D. Less pests
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Maize Agronomy.

682. “Baby Corn” is harvested:
A. Before fertilization (when silk emerges)
B. At maturity
C. After drying
D. At seedling stage
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Maize Types.

683. “Popcorn” is a specific variety of:
A. Maize (Zea mays everta)
B. Wheat
C. Rice
D. Sorghum
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Maize Types.

684. “Sweet Corn” is used for:
A. Human consumption (Boiled/Roasted)
B. Animal feed only
C. Making oil
D. Making plastic
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Maize Types.

685. “Hardening” of seedlings is done before:
A. Transplanting
B. Sowing
C. Harvesting
D. Selling
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nursery Management.

686. “Pricking” is the transfer of seedlings from:
A. Seedbed to Pots/Trays
B. Field to Market
C. Pot to Field
D. Soil to Water
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nursery Management.

687. “Damping Off” is controlled by:
A. Avoiding over-watering and using fungicide
B. Adding water
C. Adding Urea
D. Heating
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Nursery Diseases.

688. “Certified Seed” is the progeny of:
A. Foundation Seed / Registered Seed
B. Nucleus Seed
C. Market Seed
D. Weed Seed
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Seed Categories.

689. “Breeder Seed” / “Nucleus Seed” is produced by:
A. The Plant Breeder (Research Institute)
B. The Farmer
C. The Shopkeeper
D. The Industry
Correct Answer: A
Reference: Seed Categories.

690. The tag color of “Certified Seed” is:
A. Blue
B. White
C. Yellow
D. Green
Correct Answer: A
Reference: FSC&RD Standards.